臂叢神經損傷 / Brachial Plexus Injury

臂叢神經損傷是由過度伸展、撕裂或其他從脊柱到肩部、臂和手神經網路的外傷所引起。該病症狀包括上臂無力或癱瘓，臂、手或腕失去肌肉控制能力以及臂或手缺乏感覺。臂叢神經損傷經常繼發於車禍、運動損傷、槍傷或手術後。不少臂叢神經損傷發生在胎兒出生時，如果嬰兒分娩時肩部受到碰撞，會造成臂叢神經的拉伸或撕裂。

一些臂叢神經損傷無需治療即可癒合。許多患兒到3至4月大時會有所改善或康復。臂叢神經損傷的治療方法包括職業或物理治療，在某些情況下也可進行手術。臂叢神經損傷發生的位元點和類型決定了其預後。對於撕脫傷(撕裂)和破裂傷，沒有康復的可能，除非能及時地通過手術重新連接受損的組織。對於神經瘤(疤痕)和神經傳導功能障礙(拉伸)損傷，康復的前景則較為樂觀。大多數具有神經傳導功能障礙損傷的患者能自發地恢復90-100%的功能。

治療臂叢神經損傷患者時，人們主要關注的是治療疼痛。這種疼痛為慢性和極端的，而且通常對許多止痛藥的反應較差。

根據全國臂叢神經損傷網(United Brachial Plexus Network)，這種疾病的產科損傷不需報告給疾病控制中心。因此，很多患者被錯誤地診斷或被誤診為歐勃氏麻痹。

資料來源：全國臂叢神經損傷網，臂叢神經麻痹基金會，國立神經疾病和中風研究院

Brachial Plexus Palsy FoundationIs a non-profit organization designed to provide funds for the research and education of brachial plexus in infants and children. The foundation offers a list of clinics and specialists.

NINDS Brachial Plexus Information PagesOffers a multitude of fact sheets on brachial plexus.

United Brachial Plexus Network Provides information, support and leadership for families and those concerned with brachial plexus injuries worldwide. Features an online registry, publications and informational materials to increase awareness of the disorder and to educate medical and legal professionals. United Brachial Plexus Network, 1610 Kent Street, Kent, OH 44240; toll-free 1-866-877-7004

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The information provided in the Paralysis Resource Center was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number 1U59DD000338 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.